Perhaps it us my American education in geography, but isn’t France still part of Europe?

The Gelph-Ghibelline conflict was about secular monarchism vs religious authority. Im not sure I see the point you’re making.

And Europe was mired in mercantilist systems. The government gave business permission to exist in many cases.

America was the first to institute capitalism, Europeans cane up with the philosophy but America put it into practice.

Capitalism was first instituted by the first Liberal nation- the USA. Europe was mostly mercantilist

Your notion of where the modern divide lies is 100% European and won’t hold true when you consider all nations.

i have news for you the Ayatollah of Iran also a conservative. This is because “conservative” is a position

You’re being incredibly euro-centric with your claims here.

The division of political ideologies into left and right derives from the French Parliament which had the monarchists on the right and the liberals on the left.

Every reference to right and left stems from this so yes in fact Liberalism has always been where the left starts even if liberals are nit leftists because the political left is anti-authoritarian.

The binary has not changed and I promise you any claim ypu make to the contrary is going to be mired in euro-centric beliefs.

They state “In fact, conservatives are a type of liberal” and that’s objectively incorrect.

Liberalism is literally and historically where the left begins. The right is authoritarianism and the left is liberalism to anarchism. Liberals are not leftists but it is a signof a distinct lack of education in political philosophy to claim liberalism as a right wing ideology.

No they are not unless if they are conservative Liberals. A conservative Maoist and a conservative libertarian have very different ideologies despite being conservative within their own binaries. This is due to the fact that conservatism is a position in a binary and is not an ideology.

You can be a conservative and be illiberal.